Heresy in Judaism:
Orthodox
Judaism considers views departing from the traditional
Jewish
principles of faith to be heretical.
Haredi Judaism
holds that all Jews who reject their specific understanding of
Maimonides's
13 principles of Jewish faith are heretics. Haredi Jews and most
Modern
Orthodox Jews consider
Reform
and
Reconstructionist Judaism to be heretical movements,
and regard most of
Conservative
Judaism as heretical. The liberal wing of Modern
Orthodoxy is more tolerant of Conservative Judaism, particularly its
right wing, as there is some theological and practical overlap between
these groups.
http://religion-cults.com/Judaism/brans-j2.htm
Catholic and Protestant Reformed
Heretics:
Heresy is defined by
Thomas
Aquinas as "a species of infidelity in men
who, having professed the
faith
of Christ, corrupt its
dogmas."
Heresy is both the non-orthodox belief itself, and the act of
holding to that belief.
According to Aquinas, then, a Protestant who never held or
new a special dogma is not heretic against it.
The Catholic Church, in the spirit of ecumenism, tends not to
refer to
Protestantism as a heresy nowadays, even if
the teachings of Protestantism are indeed heretical from a
Catholic perspective. Modern usage favors referring to
Protestants as "separated brethren" rather than "heretics",
although the latter is still on occasion used.
Fundamentalists sometimes refer to Catholicism
or indeed other Protestant groups as heretical.
Catholics and Orthodox:
The Great Schism was a long time in developing; key
issues were the primacy of the Pope in Rome, and the
filioque clause. The "official" schism in 1054
was the excommunication of Patriarch
Michael Cerularius of Constantinople, followed
by his excommunication of the pope's representative. The
personal excommunications were mutually rescinded by the Pope
and the Patriarch of Constantinople in the 1960s, although the
schism is not at all healed.
Each contends that it more correctly maintains the tradition
of the early church and that the other has deviated. Roman
Catholic Christians often prefer to refer to themselves simply
as "catholic" which means "universal", and maintain that they
are also orthodox. Eastern Orthodox Christians often prefer to
refer to themselves simply as "orthodox", which means "right
worship", and also call themselves catholic. They are still
often referred to in those terms for historical reasons.
The Orthodox Church
traces its origin all the way back to the Apostles themselves.
The Roman Church, recognizes the validity of the Orthodox
Church's sacraments and the venerable antiquity of its
institutions, and vice-verse.